Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention / CMS)

Photo Source: Bonn Convention Website

Bonn Convention provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats. CMS brings together the States through which migratory animals pass and lays the legal foundation for internationally coordinated conservation measures throughout a migratory range.

Parties to the CMS aim to conserve and manage terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their range. Through CMS, Parties also agree that Range States (countries where a particular migratory species reside in or traverse through) should take joint conservation action.

Appendix I includes all migratory species threatened with extinction. CMS obligates parties to conserve and restore the habitats of these species, prevent or minimize the adverse effects of activities which may hinder the migration of these species, as well as reduce/control factors which may further endanger the species.

Appendix II includes Migratory species which would significantly benefit from international cooperation. Cooperation for the conservation of Appendix II species include legally binding treaties (Agreements) or less formal instruments (Memorandum of Understanding).